We have already discussed that both temperature and pressure are responsible for the inter-conversion of states of matter. A gas can be liquified either by increasing pressure or by decreasing temperature.
The decrease in temperature bring the particles of a substance closer similarly increase in pressure also bring the particles closer. Thus, at low temperature
and under high pressure a gas can be liquified.
However, the effect of decreasing temperature is more important as compared to that of increasing pressure.
For every gas, there is a certain temperature below which the gas cannot be liquified, however, high pressure is applied on it. This certain temperature is
known as critical temperature and corresponding pressure is called critical pressure.
Example : Critical temperature of carbon
dioxide (CO2) is 304 15K
Critical pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 73.9 atm.
Thus, both temperature as well as pressure
determine the state of a substance. The entire change in the physical state of matter can be represented as
below:
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